Sitemap

Locations

• Alcalá De Henares
• Fuenlabrada
• Getafe
• Juzgados Alcalá De Henares
• Juzgados Alcobendas
• Juzgados Getafe
• Juzgados Móstoles
• Juzgados Plaza Castilla
• Leganés
• Madrid
• Madrid Barrio Salamanca
• Madrid La Moraleja
• Pozuelo

Areas

Other practice areas

• Corporate Crime Lawyer Valencia
• Crimes Against Justice Administration
• Crimes Against Liberty
• Criminal Compliance Lawyer Valencia
• Criminal Defence Lawyers in Spain
• Criminal Law News
• Criminal Lawyer Alicante
• Criminal Lawyer Benidorm
• Criminal Lawyer Burgos
• Criminal Lawyer Castellon
• Criminal Lawyer Logrono
• Criminal Lawyer Madrid
• Criminal Lawyer Malaga
• Criminal Lawyer Oviedo
• Criminal Lawyer Valencia
• Criminal Process Guide
• Cybercrime Lawyer Valencia
• Detainee Assistance Madrid
• Drug Trafficking Lawyer Spain
• Editorial Policy
• Electoral Law
• EU Mutual Recognition Law
• Extradition Treaties
• Failure to Assist
• Fraud Lawyer Valencia
• Jury Trial Law
• Juvenile Criminal Liability Law
• Military Criminal Code
• Money Laundering Lawyer Valencia
• Obstruction of Justice
• Pardon Law 1870
• Robbery Theft Lawyer Valencia
• Smuggling Offences Law
• Tax Crime Lawyer Valencia

Legal reference

• Penal Code
• Criminal Procedure Law
• Legal Glossary
• Criminal Law Reforms
• Supreme Court Case Law
• Criminal Law Search

Blog

• Compliance & Prevention
• Corporate Crimes
• Crimes Against Honor & Dignity
• Crimes Against Liberty
• Crimes Against the Administration of Justice
• Criminal Procedure
• Crypto Scams
• Cybercrime
• Drug Trafficking
• Economic & Corporate
• Family & Domestic Violence
• Forgery & Counterfeiting
• Fraud & Scams
• Human Trafficking
• Labor Crimes
• Life & Physical Integrity
• Misappropriation
• Money Laundering
• Other Crimes Against Persons
• Prison Law
• Privacy & Confidentiality
• Public Administration
• Public Order
• Road Safety
• Sexual Offenses
• Tax Crimes
• Territory & Environment
• Theft, Robbery & Property

• “Summoned by the Investigation Section of the Court of Instance”: What the New Bodies Are
• A Cross-Appeal in Cassation May Raise Autonomous Claims
• A Family Member Has Been Arrested in Spain: What to Do in the First 72 Hours
• A Family Member in Pretrial Detention in Spain: Money, Packages and Visits
• A Private Prosecution (Querella) Was Filed Against Me in Spain: What to Do
• A Sentence That Was Not Yet Final Cannot Be Breached
• A Tax Authority Inspection in Spain: Your Rights and Criminal Defence
• Abuse of a Position of Superiority or Authority: What Spanish Criminal Law Punishes Today
• Abusive Shareholder Resolutions: Article 291 of the Criminal Code
• Accumulation of Sentences in Spain (Art. 988 LECrim): 2026 Guide
• Accused of a Sexual Offence in Spain: Steps and Defence
• Accused of a Tax Crime in Spain? Defence Guide for Taxpayers
• Accused of Sexual Assault in Spain: Defence Guide
• Age of Sexual Consent in Spain: 16 Years
• Aggravated Bodily Harm with a Dangerous Instrument: a Discretionary, Not Automatic, Finding
• Aggravated Fraud and Undue Delay: When a Sentence Reduction Is Available
• Aggravated Robbery of Premises Open to the Public: Opening Hours Are the Key in Spain
• AI and Criminal Law in Spain: Deepfakes, Fraud and New Risks
• AI and Criminal Proceedings: Defences Against Algorithmic Evidence
• Alcohol and sexual consent in Spain: when intoxication turns an encounter into sexual assault (Art. 178 CP)
• Algorithmic Bias in Predictive Justice: How the Defence Challenges a Decision Based on a Biased Model
• Algorithmic Expert Evidence: How AI Is Introduced and Challenged in Criminal Proceedings
• An Executive's Criminal Crisis: How It Is Managed
• Anatomy of Fraud 2026: From the Con Trick to the Crypto Ponzi Scheme
• Animal Cruelty in Spain: When Is It an Offence? Penalties and Defence 2026
• Appealing a Restraining Order in Spain: Deadlines and Arguments (2026)
• Appropriation of property delivered by mistake (Art. 254 CP): what happens with a mistaken bank transfer and when it becomes a crime
• Are Stun Guns or Tasers Legal in Spain?
• Arrested in Spain, Left the Country: Can I Go Back? (2026)
• Arrested in Spain: A Complete Guide for Foreign Nationals (2026)
• Arrested with Drugs at a Spanish Airport: What to Do and How to Defend It
• Arrested With Drugs in Spain: Rights and Defence Guide 2026
• Art. 138 CP: Homicide in Spain · Penalties of 10-15 Years (2026 Guide)
• Art. 368 CP: Crimes Against Public Health and Drug Trafficking
• Article 100.2 of the Spanish Prison Regulation: Working Outside Without Third Grade
• Article 139 Spanish Criminal Code: The Offence of Murder (2026)
• Article 147 Spanish Criminal Code: The Offence of Bodily Harm (2026)
• Article 156 bis Spanish Criminal Code: Organ Trafficking, Offences and Penalties (2026)
• Article 163 Spanish Criminal Code: Unlawful Detention and Kidnapping (2026)
• Article 169 Spanish Criminal Code: The Offence of Threats (2026)
• Article 171 Spanish Criminal Code: Blackmail and Conditional Threats (2026)
• Article 172 bis Spanish Criminal Code: Forced Marriage (2026)
• Article 172 Spanish Criminal Code: The Offence of Coercion (2026)
• Article 197 Spanish Criminal Code: Disclosure of Secrets (2026)
• Article 202 Spanish Criminal Code: Trespass of a Dwelling — Breaking and Entering (2026)
• Article 234 Criminal Code: Basic Theft · Fine or 6-18 Months (2026)
• Article 235 CP: Aggravated Theft 2026 · Penalties of 1 to 3 Years
• Article 243 CP: the Offence of Extortion in Spain (Penalties & Defence)
• Article 248 Spanish Criminal Code: The Offence of Fraud (2026)
• Article 250 Spanish Criminal Code: Aggravated Fraud (2026)
• Article 251 Spanish Criminal Code: Improper Fraud (2026)
• Article 252 Spanish Criminal Code: Unfair Administration (2026)
• Article 253 Spanish Criminal Code: Misappropriation (2026)
• Article 254 Criminal Code: Appropriation of Lost Property (2026)
• Article 263 Spanish Criminal Code: The Offence of Criminal Damage (2026)
• Article 264 Spanish Criminal Code: Computer Damage and Sabotage (2026)
• Article 301 Spanish Criminal Code: Money Laundering (2026)
• Article 318 bis CP: Facilitating Illegal Immigration (and How It Differs from Trafficking)
• Article 368 Spanish Criminal Code: The Drug Trafficking Offence (2026)
• Article 390 Spanish Criminal Code: Document Forgery (2026)
• Article 392 CP: Document Forgery by a Private Individual (Material vs Ideological)
• Article 395 Criminal Code: Forgery of a Private Document (2026)
• Article 404 Spanish Criminal Code: Administrative Malfeasance (2026)
• Article 417 CP: Disclosure of Secrets and Restricted Data by Public Officials
• Article 419 Spanish Criminal Code: The Offence of Bribery (2026)
• Article 451 Spanish Criminal Code: Accessory After the Fact (Encubrimiento) (2026)
• Article 455 Spanish Criminal Code: Taking the Law Into Your Own Hands (2026)
• Article 556 Spanish Criminal Code: Resisting Authority and Serious Disobedience (2026)
• Article 557 Spanish Criminal Code: Public Disorder After the 2022 Reform (2026)
• Articles 237 and 242 Spanish Criminal Code: Robbery (2026)
• Articles 319 and 320 Spanish Criminal Code: Illegal Building and Planning Malfeasance (2026)
• Articles 351 and 352 Spanish Criminal Code: Arson and Forest Fires (2026)
• Artificial Intelligence and Criminal Proceedings: Evidence, Digital Identity and New Risks (2026 Guide)
• Assault & Bodily Harm: Complete Guide to Penalties & Defence
• Assault on Authority (Art. 550 CP): Penalties and Defence
• Asset Confiscation in Drug Trafficking Cases in Spain (2026)
• Autonomous AI Agents: Who Is Criminally Liable? (2026)
• Bid Rigging in Public Tenders and Auctions in Spain (Art. 262 CP)
• Bigamy and Illegal Marriages (Art. 217 CP) in Spain: Criminal Defence
• Bizum and WhatsApp Scams in Spain: How to Defend Yourself (Victim or Accused)
• Breach of a community-service sentence in Spain: when enforcement actually begins
• Breach of Sentence (Art. 468 CP): Legal Guide and Defence
• Breaching international sanctions (EU, OFAC and UN): the criminal exposure in Spain and how it is defended
• Buying a stolen phone in Spain: what Article 298 of the Criminal Code says about receiving stolen goods and how it is defended
• Can I Be Arrested for a Debt? Asset Concealment Explained
• Can I Leave Spain if I Am Under Investigation in a Criminal Case?
• Can Many Weak Clues Add Up to a Conviction? The Logic and Limits of Circumstantial Evidence
• Can You Go to Jail for Debt in Spain? The Legal Truth 2026
• Cannabis Clubs in Spain: Legality and Criminal Risks (2026)
• Cannabis Leaves and Cuttings Fall Outside the Criminal-Law Concept of a Drug
• Cassation Appeal Against a Free Dismissal: Formal Charging as a Prerequisite
• Cassation on a Point of Law: Proven Facts Are Untouchable
• Caught at a Breathalyser Checkpoint in Madrid: Legal Steps (2026)
• CEO Fraud: the Urgent-Transfer Scam in Spain (2026)
• Challenging the Breathalyser: How Drink-Driving Evidence Is Set Aside
• Chemical Submission (GHB, Drink Spiking): Defence After LO 10/2022
• Child Pornography (Art. 189 CP): Criminal Defence
• Child Sextortion in Spain: Legal Protocol (2026)
• Circumstantial Evidence: Conviction Without Direct Proof and the Presumption of Innocence
• Citing the Wrong Article Does Not Cause Prejudice if the Facts Were Clear (STS 321/2026)
• Civil Liability Arising From a Crime in Spain: How to Claim (2026)
• Cocaine Drug-Driving in Spain: When It Is a Crime (Art. 379.2 CP)
• Cocaine Trafficking Penalties in Spain 2026: Complete Guide
• Coercion (Art. 172 CP): A Legal and Real Estate Guide
• Coercion Offence: Complete Legal Guide (2026)
• Community Service Orders: What Happens If You Do Not Comply (or Are Never Called)
• Compensation for Judicial Error: 2.5 Million After 18 Years in Prison
• Compensation for Victims of Violent Crime in Spain (2026)
• Complaint vs. Private Prosecution in Spain: Which Is Better?
• Complete Guide to Technology Offences and Cybercrime
• Compliance 2026: The Mandatory Nature of Algorithmic Auditing
• Computer Fraud in Spain (Art. 249.1.a CP): What It Is and How to Defend It
• Confrontation as Evidence in Spanish Criminal Procedure (2026)
• Constitutional Appeal (Recurso de Amparo) in Criminal Cases: When and How
• Consular Assistance for a Detained or Investigated Foreigner: What Your Consulate Does (and Does Not)
• Continued Offence in Sexual Assault Cases Where Dates Cannot Be Specified
• Contract Breach and Private-Sector Corruption in Spain: Where the Criminal Line Is Drawn
• Conviction for Sexual Assault on Minors Based on Sole Testimony of the Victim
• Coordinating Criminal Defence with the Communications Agency Without Breaching Professional Secrecy
• Corporate AI Criminal Risk in Spain: The EU AI Act and Compliance
• Corporate Crimes: Unfaithful Management and False Accounting
• Corporate Criminal Liability (Art. 31 bis CP) in Spain
• Corporate Disloyal Management and Single Insured Event: the Supreme Court Caps the Insurer's Liability
• Corporate Greenwashing: When Ecological Marketing Becomes Fraud
• Corruption of Minors: The Offence of Art. 189 CP (2026)
• Court Driving Disqualification in Spain: Driving While Banned (Arts. 384 & 468 CP)
• Court Summons as a Suspect: What to Do Step by Step (2026)
• Creating an AI nude from a real photo: unlawful processing of personal data
• Credit Card Forgery: Article 399 bis of the Criminal Code
• Crime vs. Misdemeanor in Spain: Classification Guide 2026
• Crimes Against Public Administration: A Practical Legal Guide
• Crimes against the market and consumers in Spain: false advertising, price manipulation and insider trading (Arts. 282 to 285 CP)
• Crimes Against Workers' Rights: Legal Guide 2026
• Criminal Case in Spain While Living Abroad: Defence Without Travelling
• Criminal Cassation Appeal in Spain 2026: Viable Grounds and Strategy
• Criminal Compliance for SMEs: A Practical Guide for Spanish Companies
• Criminal Compliance in Spain 2026: Is It Mandatory? A Company Guide
• Criminal Compliance: the Corporate Shield Against Liability
• Criminal conviction for using trade secrets to launch a rival firm (arts. 278-280 CP)
• Criminal Damage in Spain (Article 263 CP): Fines, Aggravated Types and Defence (2026)
• Criminal Defence for High-Profile Individuals
• Criminal Defence in ESG Investigations in Spain: 2026 Strategy
• Criminal due diligence in M&A: Art. 130.2 of the Spanish Criminal Code
• Criminal Liability for Deepfakes of Public Figures in Spain
• Criminal Liability of AI: Can an Algorithm Go to Jail?
• Criminal Liability of the Sole Director or Board Member (Art. 31 CP)
• Criminal Organisation vs Group: Arts. 570 bis & ter CP
• Criminal Records in Spain: How to Check & Clear Them (Guide 2026)
• Criminal Records: How to Clear Them and How Long It Takes (2026)
• Criminal Threats & Blackmail: Legal Guide to Art. 169 CP
• Crypto-Assets and the Treasury: The New Frontier of Tax Crime
• Cryptocurrency and Money Laundering in Spain: Criminal Risks
• CSRD: Impact on the Criminal Audit of Multinationals in Spain
• Customs and Smuggling Offences: When It Is a Crime and How It Is Defended
• Cyber Sexual Harassment in Spain: Which Offences Apply and How to Defend (Art. 172 ter CP)
• Cyberstalking on Social Media in Spain: What Evidence You Need
• Cyberstalking: When Digital Obsession Becomes a Crime
• DAC8 Crypto Tax Reporting Reaches Spain: When Undeclared Crypto Becomes a Criminal Offence
• Deadlocked 50/50 Company in Spain: Criminal and Commercial Solutions
• Decisions Declining Objective Jurisdiction May Be Appealed in Cassation
• Deepfakes and Procedural Truth: Can We Believe What We See?
• Deepfakes as Evidence in Spain: Digital Forensic Defence (2026)
• Democratic Memory and Hate Crime: What Actually Changed
• Deportation Instead of Prison in Spain: How Article 89 CP Works
• Detainee Rights at the Police Station: What You Must NEVER Do (2026)
• Digital Document Forgery: From Signatures to Edited PDFs
• Digital Evidence in Spain 2026: Supreme Court Case Law
• Digital Exhibitionism before Minors: Article 185 CP on Webcam, Video Calls and Social Media
• Director and Officer Criminal Liability and the D&O Policy
• Disclosing Secrets vs Breaching Official Secrets: How Access to Information Makes the Difference
• Disclosure of Secrets: 2026 Guide (Phones, Emails and the Workplace)
• Disclosure of Secrets: Digital Privacy and the Workplace
• Document Forgery: Art. 390-399 CP ▷ Types and Penalties 2026
• Domestic Abuse in Spain: Art. 153 (Occasional) vs Art. 173.2 (Habitual)
• Drink-Driving Limits 2026: What Was Rejected and What Still Applies
• Drink-Driving on an E-Scooter (VMP) in Spain: Fine or Criminal Offence? (2026)
• Drink-Driving With an Accident and Injuries: The Concurrence of Arts. 379.2, 142 and 152 CP
• Driving after losing all your points (Art. 384 CP): the notice is the key
• Driving Offences in Spain as a Foreigner: DUI, the Fast-Track Trial and What Happens to Your Licence
• Driving Under the Influence of Cannabis: Art. 379.2 CP
• Driving Without a Licence or After Losing Your Points in Spain: Penalties
• Driving Without a License in Spain: Prison Penalties 2026
• Driving Without Ever Having Held a Licence in Spain (Art. 384 CP)
• Drones and Criminal Law: Espionage, Damages, and Air Safety
• Drug Driving in Spain: Influence vs. Presence (Art. 379.2 CP)
• Drug Houses and Dealing Premises: the Aggravated Offence of Art. 369.1 CP
• Drug Possession vs Trafficking in Spain: Where Is the Line? (2026)
• Drug Trafficking for Home Marijuana Cultivation: Defence
• Drug Trafficking Sentence for a First Offence in Spain
• DUI Criminal Defence in Spain 2025: Alcohol, Breathalyser & Rights
• DUI Defence (Art. 379 CP): Breathalyser & Licence
• DUI Speedy Trials: The Margin of Error as a Key to Acquittal
• Electoral Crimes in Spain (LOREG): Who Is Liable and Defence
• Embezzlement of Public Funds: The Offence of Art. 432 CP
• Emerging Crypto-Asset Crimes: Digital Euro, Smart Contracts, DAOs and Influencers (2026 Guide)
• EncroChat & SkyECC: Nullity of Evidence in Drug Trials
• Environmental Crime: Article 325 of the Criminal Code
• Environmental Crimes in Spain: When Discharges Are Criminal
• ESG and criminal compliance: how Article 31 bis CP can exempt a company from criminal liability in Spain
• ESG Compliance and Criminal Liability in Spain (2026)
• Europe's New Anti-Money-Laundering Rulebook (AMLR and AMLA): Cash Limits and Criminal Exposure in Spain
• European Arrest Warrant Between Spain and Germany: How It Works
• European Arrest Warrant in Spain: Fighting Extradition
• Exceeding the Investigation Time Limit Does Not Void Evidence or Require Dismissal
• Exhibitionism & Sexual Provocation: Arts. 185 & 186 CP and Defence (2026)
• Extendable Baton as a Prohibited Weapon: STS 217/2026 Upholds Conviction
• Extension of a Restraining Order in Spain: When and How
• Extortion: What It Is, the Penalties and How to Act as Victim or Accused
• Extradition from Spain to the United Kingdom Post-Brexit: What Changed
• Extradition from Spain to the United States: Process and Grounds for Refusal
• Extradition of International Clients: How It Is Defended
• Extraordinary Prison Furloughs in Spain: How to Apply and Defend Them
• Failure to Assist and Hit-and-Run: When It Is an Offence and the Penalties
• Fake 'Payment Manager' Job Offer: How You Are Turned Into a Money Mule
• Fake Invoices in Spain: Which Crime? Forgery, Accounting and Tax Offences (2026)
• False Accounts: The Offence of Art. 290 of the Criminal Code
• False Accusation (Art. 456 CP): Consequences and Defence in Spain
• False Accusations in Domestic Violence: Defence
• False Driver Identification on a Traffic Fine: When It Becomes a Crime (Arts. 392 and 456 CP)
• False Sexual Assault Accusations in Spain: How to Defend Yourself (2026)
• False Sexual Offence Accusation: How to Act (2026 Guide)
• False Testimony in Civil and Employment Cases (Art. 458 CP)
• Family Abandonment in Spain: Criminal Consequences of Non-Payment of Maintenance
• Fast-Track DUI Trial: How Long Does It Take? (2026)
• Fast-Track Trial for Assault: What to Expect & How to Prepare
• Fatal or Injury Workplace Accident: the Concurrence Between Art. 316 and Reckless Homicide
• First-Grade Prison Classification in Spain: How to Appeal (2026)
• Forgery of an ID Card, Passport or Licence: Art. 392 CP
• Forgery of Postage Stamps and Stamped Effects (Art. 389 CP)
• Fraud vs Breach of Contract in Spain: When Is It Criminal?
• Freedom of Expression Does Not Protect Hate Speech That Incites Violence
• Fuel Supply to Drug Boats (Art. 568.2 CP) in Spain
• Full Sentence Serving and the Security Period: Article 78 of the Criminal Code
• Gender Violence Defence: Strategies Against False Accusations
• Generative AI Scams: Deepfakes, CEO Fraud and Defence in Spain
• Genetic Manipulation: the Offences of Articles 159 to 162 CP
• Groping and Unwanted Touching: Sexual Assault and Defence (Art. 178 CP)
• Group sexual assault in Spain: how Article 180.1.1 CP aggravates the joint action of two or more people
• Habeas Corpus in Spain: What It Is and How It Works
• Hacking: The Offence of Illegal System Access (Art. 197 bis CP)
• Hate Crimes and Discrimination: Criminal Defence Guide 2026
• Hate Crimes and LGBTI Protection in Spain: What Really Changed
• Hate Crimes on Social Media: Where is the Limit?
• Heroin Trafficking in Spain: Penalties, Aggravations and Defence (Art. 368 CP)
• Hidden Cameras: What Offence Is Recording Without Consent in Spain
• Home Searches and Consent: Supreme Court Doctrine on Inviolability of the Home
• Homicide vs Murder in Spain: Penalties and Defence 2026
• Hostess Club Owner or Manager: Criminal Liability in Spain and Defence
• How compliance exempts the company: Art. 31 bis 2 CP requirements
• How Long Does a Criminal Trial Take in Spain? Timelines (2026)
• How Much Does a Criminal Defence Lawyer Cost in Spain? Fees Explained (2026)
• How to Avoid Prison After a Positive Breathalyser in Spain
• How to Challenge a Speed Camera Reading: Attacking the Radar Evidence
• How to Choose a Criminal Defence Lawyer in Spain
• How to Defend Yourself Against Fraud Charges: Complete Guide
• How to Know If You Have Been Reported to the Police in Spain
• How to Report a Crime: Step-by-Step Guide (2026)
• How to Request a Pardon (Indulto): What It Is, Who Can Apply and How It Works
• How to Testify in a Criminal Trial: Expert Tips
• I Received a Counterfeit Note in Good Faith and Spent It: Is It a Crime? (Art. 386 CP)
• I Was Falsely Accused and the Case Was Dismissed: Can I Sue?
• I've Been Arrested: What to Do? A Criminal Lawyer's Guide
• I've Been Robbed in Spain: What Do I Do? Step-by-Step Legal Guide (2026)
• I've Been Scammed: What Do I Do? Step-by-Step Legal Guide 2026
• Identification of the Accused Must Be Confirmed at the Oral Trial
• Identity Theft: 2026 Guide (Social Media and ID Documents)
• Illegal Data Access and Interception of Communications (Art. 197 bis CP)
• Illegal Firearm Possession: Art. 564 Criminal Code & Defence (2026)
• Illegal Search and Seizure in Drug Cases in Spain
• Illegal Street Racing in Spain: Fine or Criminal Offence? (Art. 380 CP)
• Illegal Weapons Possession: Art. 564 Criminal Code
• Improper Fraud by Double Selling (Art. 251.2 CP): An Autonomous Offence
• Inducement to False Testimony: Presenting False Witnesses (Art. 461 CP)
• Industrial Espionage (Art. 278 CP) in Spain: Criminal Defence
• Industrial Property Crimes: Trademarks and Patents (Art. 274 CP)
• Initial Use of Violence Already Amounts to Commencement of a Sexual Assault in Spain
• Intellectual Property Crime Requires a Pre-existing Original Work
• Intellectual property crime under Art. 270 CP: plagiarism and piracy
• International Drug Trafficking: From Art. 368 to Art. 370 CP
• Interpol Red Notice: What It Is and What to Do
• Is a Complaint Enough to Arrest? Gender Violence and Sexual Assault
• Is an expandable baton (telescopic defence) legal in Spain?
• Is Pepper Spray Legal in Spain? Requirements, Fines and Offence
• Is Smoking Cannabis Legal in Spain? What the Law Says in 2026
• Jewellery Fencing and Stolen Gold: the Art. 298 CP Offence in Cash-for-Gold
• Joint Perpetration in Criminal Damage: Supreme Court Doctrine on Art. 28 CP
• Jury Verdict Reasoning and Cassation Review in Spain: STS 58/2026
• Key Supreme Court Rulings on Sexual Offences (2024-2026)
• Knives and bladed weapons: what you can legally carry
• LECrim Precautionary Measures Reform 2026: Art. 544 bis and What's New
• Living with a Drug Trafficker Is Not Enough to Convict for Drug Trafficking
• Mandatory Whistleblower Channel in Spain (Law 2/2023): Company Guide
• Maritime Piracy and Drug Trafficking in Spain: Art. 616 ter of the Criminal Code Requires No Profit Motive
• Market Manipulation and Insider Trading: the Criminal Risk of the Financial Professional (Arts. 284 and 285 CP)
• Match-Fixing and Sports Corruption (Art. 286 bis CP)
• MDMA and synthetic drug trafficking (art. 368 CP): why they cause serious harm to health and how the charge is defended
• Media Accompaniment for a Public Figure Under Criminal Investigation in Spain
• Medical Malpractice Criminal Law in Spain: Complete Guide 2026
• Medical Malpractice in Spain: Criminal Liability and Defence (2026)
• Medical negligence resulting in death: reckless professional homicide in Spain (Art. 142 CP)
• Medical Negligence: When to Sue and What Compensation to Claim
• MiCA II and Total Traceability: The End of Crypto Secrecy
• Military Criminal Law: Offences, Jurisdiction and Defence
• Minor Assault Trial: Practical Guide (2026)
• Misappropriation (Art. 253 Criminal Code): Defence Keys
• Misappropriation of Company Money: Criminal Defence
• Missed a Court Date in Spain? Trial in Absentia, Fugitive Status and the European Arrest Warrant (2026)
• Mitigating and Aggravating Factors: What Raises and Lowers the Penalty? 2026 Guide
• Mitigating Circumstances in Spain: Strategies to Reduce a Sentence
• Money Laundering Laws in Spain: Expats and Investors Guide (2026)
• Money Laundering Through Front Men in Spain: Liability and Defence
• Money Laundering through Real Estate in Spain (Art. 301 CP)
• Money Laundering: Criminal Defence Guide 2026
• Money Mule in Spain: What Criminal Risk You Face and How to Defend It
• My Child Is Under Criminal Investigation: A Guide for Parents
• Needle spiking in Spain: what offence a syringe jab is, the penalties it carries and how it is defended
• Negligent Bodily Injury: Article 152 CP and the Line Between Gross and Less Serious Negligence
• Negligent Homicide in Spain (Art. 142 CP): Gross vs Less Serious, Prison or Fine
• Non-Consensual Distribution of Intimate Images: Art. 197.7 CP
• Non-Consensual Sexting and Forwarding Intimate Images (Art. 197.7 CP)
• Not every transfer of illicit money is laundering: the concealment-purpose requirement
• Obstructing Supervision or Inspection (Art. 294 CP)
• Obstruction of Justice in Spain: Complete Legal Guide
• Off-the-Books Accounting in Spain: How to Detect It and the Consequences
• Offences Against Food Safety and Public Health (Arts. 363-365 CP)
• Online Abuse of Athletes in Spain: from Hate Crime to Defamation
• Online Grooming of Minors: Article 183 of the Criminal Code
• Online Grooming under Article 183 CP (before LO 10/2022, Art. 183 ter) and its Link to Child Pornography
• Organic Law 1/2004: Gender Violence and Criminal Changes
• Organic Law 1/2015: The Major Criminal Code Reform Explained
• Organic Law 1/2025: Justice Efficiency and Its Criminal Impact in Spain
• Organic Law 11/2003: Domestic Violence and Expulsion
• Organic Law 13/2022: Payment Fraud and Cyber Scams
• Organic Law 14/2022: New Embezzlement and Sedition Repeal
• Organic Law 14/2022: Reformed Economic Crimes in Spain
• Organic Law 15/2003: Day-Fines and Habitual Violence
• Organic Law 2/2010: Time-Limit System and Art. 145 CP Reform
• Organic Law 2/2019: Reckless Driving and Art. 382 bis CP
• Organic Law 2/2021: Doping in Sport and Reform
• Organic Law 3/2021: Euthanasia and Art. 143 CP
• Organic Law 4/2022: Abortion Clinic Harassment, Art. 172 quater
• Organic Law 5/2000: Juvenile Criminal Liability Explained
• Organic Law 5/2010: Companies Enter the Criminal Code
• Organic Law 5/2021: Repeal of Art. 315.3 CP Strike Coercion
• Organic Law 5/2024: The Right of Defence in Spain (2026)
• Organic Law 7/2003: Security Period and Full Enforcement
• Organic Law 7/2012: Tax and Social Security Fraud Reform
• Organic Law 8/2021: Child Protection and Criminal Changes
• Organic Law 8/2022: Criminal Organisations (Art. 570 bis CP)
• Parental Child Abduction in Spain: Art. 225 bis CP and How It Is Defended
• Parole in Spain: Requirements and Modalities (2026 Guide)
• Perjury & False Testimony: Defence Guide in Spain
• Pharmaceutical Crimes in Spain: Unauthorised Medicines, Counterfeits and Anabolic Steroids (Arts. 361 to 362 quinquies CP)
• Pig Butchering: the Romance and Crypto Investment Scam (2026)
• Pimping (Proxenetismo) in Spain: Art. 187 CP, Penalties, Aggravations and Defence (2026)
• Plea Agreements in Spanish Criminal Trials: How They Work and How Much They Reduce
• Plea Deals: Is It Worth Accepting? Complete Guide 2026
• Positive Saliva Drug Test: How It Is Challenged Under Art. 379.2 CP
• Pre-Constituted Evidence: the Minor's Testimony
• Preliminary Objections at a Criminal Trial in Spain (2026)
• Presumption of Innocence & In Dubio Pro Reo in Spanish Law
• Prison Benefits and Sentence Reduction in Spain: 2026 Guide
• Prison Disciplinary Proceedings in Spain: Offences, Sanctions and Appeals to the Supervision Judge (2026)
• Prison Leave Permits in Spain: Types, Requirements and Applications (2026)
• Prison System Crisis 2026: Impact on Criminal Defence in Spain
• Prison Transfer in Spain: Who Decides It and How to Request One (2026)
• Prison Visits and Communications in Spain: Inmate Rights (2026)
• Prisoner Transfer from Spain: Serving Your Sentence in Your Home Country (2026)
• Private Corruption in Business in Spain (Art. 286 bis CP) (2026)
• Private Prosecution in Sexual Offences: How the Victim Exercises Their Rights in Spain
• Private Prosecution in Spain: How to Join Criminal Proceedings (2026)
• Procedural Fraud in Spain: Deceiving the Court (Legal Guide 2026)
• Procuring Premises (Art. 187 CP): Profiting From Prostitution
• Professional Intrusion (Art. 403 CP) in Spain: Criminal Defence
• Prostitution and Exploitation Offences: Arts. 187 and 188 CP and Defence (2026)
• Provisional Prison: New Supreme Court Criteria for 2026
• Public Disorder Offence: Complete Guide to Penalties & Defence
• Public Indecent Exposure in Spain: the Art. 185 CP Offence and Its Defence
• Punishable Insolvency and Asset Concealment (Article 257 CP): Legal Guide 2026
• Pyramid and Multi-Level Schemes: A Guide to Recovering Your Money
• Pyramid Schemes and Ponzi Fraud in Spain: How the Criminal Code Punishes Them
• Real Estate Harassment of Tenants in Spain: When It Is a Crime (2026)
• Receiving Stolen Goods: Legal Guide 2026 · Types, Penalties and Defence
• Receiving Stolen Vehicles in Spain (Art. 298 CP): Offence, Penalties and Defence
• Reclassifying stalking as minor coercion without notice breaches the right to defence
• Recovering Driving Licence Points in Spain: 2026 Guide
• Recovering Money from a Cryptocurrency Scam: Legal Guide 2026
• Reducing a Sentence by One Degree Also Reduces the Proportional Fine
• Refusing a Breathalyser: The Offence Under Article 383 CP
• Refusing a Drug Test in Spain: the Article 383 CP Offence
• Removing Records from the Sex Offender Registry: Deadlines
• Restraining Order: the Consequences of Breaching It
• Restraining Orders in Spain: Complete Guide 2026
• Retraction of False Testimony (Art. 462 CP)
• Reviewable Permanent Imprisonment in Spain: Everything You Need to Know
• Revocation of a Suspended Sentence in Spain: When the Benefit Is Lost (Art. 86 CP)
• Road Safety Offences in Spain: Complete Legal Guide 2026
• Robbery in an Inhabited House: Defence Against a Serious Charge
• Robbery with Force vs. Robbery with Violence: Differences and Penalties
• Scaling: When Does Climbing a Fence Become Robbery with Force?
• Second Chance Law in Spain 2025: Who Can Apply and Cancel Debts
• Second DUI: how recidivism aggravates the penalty (Art. 379.2 CP)
• Seizure and Freezing of Crypto Assets in Spanish Criminal Proceedings (Art. 127 et seq. CP)
• Sentence Consolidation and Unrelated Pre-Trial Detention: STS 188/2026
• Sentence Merger and Accumulation: the Art. 76 CP Cap
• Sentence Review Under LO 1/2026: Applying the More Favorable Criminal Law in Spain
• Sentence-Computation Orders Are Not Open to Cassation Save in Exceptional Cases
• Serving a Prison Sentence in Spain: What 1/4, 1/2, 2/3 and 3/4 Unlock
• Sextortion in Spain: Criminal Defence and Digital Forensics (2026)
• Sexual Assault by a Partner: When a Spouse Commits an Offence
• Sexual Assault of a Minor Under 16 in Spain: Art. 181 CP and How It Is Defended
• Sexual assault with penetration (rape) in Spain: what Article 179 of the Criminal Code says and how it is defended
• Sexual Deepfakes: Criminal Defence Against AI-Generated Pornographic Montages
• Sexual Harassment by Abuse of Superiority: Art. 184.2 CP in Spain
• Sexual Offences 2026: Balance of 'Only Yes is Yes' and New Defences
• Sexual Offences Reform: A New Legal Paradigm
• Sexual Provocation of Minors: Art. 186 CP in Spain
• Shoplifting in Spain: Will I Get a Criminal Record? (2026)
• SIM Swapping: the SIM Card Duplicate Fraud in Spain (2026)
• Simulation of an Offence vs False Accusation: Differences and Penalties (2026)
• Slander and Insult: Differences, Penalties and Defence ▷ 2026 Guide
• Slander and Insults on Social Media: Defence
• Slander as a Criminal Offence (Art. 205 CP): Penalties and Defence
• Social Security and Subsidy Fraud: Articles 307 ter and 308 CP
• Spain Abolishes the Golden Visa in 2025: The Money-Laundering and Criminal Risks That Remain
• Spain's Consent Law Revision 2026: What Has Changed
• Spain's Criminal Procedure Law (LECrim): What It Is and the Stages of a Criminal Case (2026)
• Spain's Organic Law 1/2026: What Changes in the Criminal Code
• Speeding as a Criminal Offence: When Article 379.1 CP Turns a Fine into a Criminal Case
• Sports Criminal Law: Match-Fixing, Doping and Violence
• Squatting in Spain: Property Owner Rights and Criminal Defence (2026)
• Stadium and Sporting-Event Violence: Crime and Defence
• Stalking & Harassment in Spain: Legal Defence Guide
• Statute of Limitations for Crimes in Spain (Deadlines 2026)
• Statute of Limitations for Offences in Spain 2026: Complete Table
• Stealthing in Spain: Condom Removal as Sexual Assault
• Street Dealing and Minor Drug Trafficking: the Reduced Offence of Art. 368.2 CP
• Street Sexual Harassment: Is It an Offence in Spain? Criminal Analysis 2026
• STS 1040/2025: Review Application Quashes Second Conviction for the Same Facts
• STS 308/2026: the Supreme Court's manual for judging gender violence
• STS 944/2025: a high-powered scooter is, in criminal law, a moped
• STS 97/2026: No Threats Offence Where Words Lack Intimidating Force
• Summoned by the Cybercrime Unit: Your First Statement as a Suspect
• Supervised Release After a Sexual Offence: Duration and Appeals
• Suspended Sentences in Spain: Requirements and Conditions
• Swatting: the False Alarm That Mobilises the Police (2026)
• Tax Fraud and the Regularization Strategy
• Telling the Jury That a Statement Is Void Does Not Breach the Right to a Fair Trial
• The Anti-Abuse Electronic Tag: How It Works and Breaches (2026)
• The Article 416 LECrim Exemption Explained: When a Relative May Refuse to Testify
• The Chain of Custody of Evidence in Spain: How It Is Challenged (2026)
• The Corporate Internal Investigation After a Sign of Crime
• The Crime Against Moral Integrity Under Article 173.1 CP: Degrading Treatment, Mobbing and Harassment
• The Crime of Human Trafficking: Article 177 bis of the Criminal Code
• The Crime of Influence Peddling: Articles 428 to 430 of the Criminal Code
• The Crime of Mass Destruction (Art. 346 CP): Intent, Recklessness and Defence
• The Crime of Perjury: Lying on the Stand and Its Consequences
• The Crime of Sexual Harassment: Art. 184 CP, Modalities and Defence (2026)
• The Criminal Appeal: How to Appeal an Unjust Judgment
• The Criminal Trial in Spain: How It Unfolds and How the Defence Is Prepared (2026)
• The E-Evidence Regulation: European Production Orders for Your Data from 18 August 2026
• The EU Asset Recovery and Confiscation Directive (2024/1260): What Changes Before November 2026
• The Insanity Defence: Forensic Psychiatry in High-Profile Trials
• The Jury Trial in Spain: How It Works, What Offences It Tries and Keys to the Defence
• The Labour Inspectorate: When the Employer Faces Criminal Liability
• The Mandatory Sexual Anti-Harassment Protocol: Compliance and the Employer's Criminal Liability in Spain
• The New Criminal Procedure Law (LECrim): Prosecutor-Led Investigations and the 2028 Timeline
• The new EU directive on child sexual abuse: what changes and how it will affect Spain
• The Offence of Bodily Harm: When a Fight Ends Up in Court
• The Offence of Domestic Violence: A Legal Guide to Art. 173.2 CP
• The Offence of Insults: Articles 208 to 210 CP, Penalties and Defence
• The Offence of Misappropriation: When the Money Does Not Come Back
• The Offence of Reckless Driving in Spain (Art. 380 CP) (2026)
• The Offence of Self-Laundering: Is Spending Stolen Money an Offence?
• The Presumption of Innocence in Sexual Offence Cases in Spain
• The Protected Witness in Criminal Proceedings in Spain (2026)
• The Sports Doping Offence (Article 362 quinquies of the Criminal Code)
• The Victim's Exemption to Testify and the Private Prosecution: The Supreme Court Clarifies Art. 416 LECrim
• Theft vs Robbery in Spain: Penalties and Legal Differences (Comparison)
• They Searched My Phone or Cloud Without Authorisation: Is the Evidence Excluded?
• Third-Grade Prison Classification in Spain: How to Apply (2026)
• Time Limits on Criminal Investigations in Spain: Article 324 LECrim Explained
• Transnational Bribery of Foreign Officials: Article 286 ter of the Criminal Code
• Transnational Criminal Proceedings in Spain: European Arrest Warrant, Mutual Legal Assistance and Cross-Border Defence
• Trespass & Home Invasion: Criminal Defence Guide in Spain
• Two co-defendants may share counsel even if one pleads guilty and the other does not
• Types of Penalties in Spain: Prison, Fines & Community Service
• Unchallenged Expert Evidence: Why It Is Deemed Accepted at Trial
• Undue Delay: the Mitigating Factor for a Slow Process in Spain (2026)
• Unlawful Detention and Kidnapping (Art. 163): Guide to Penalties and Defence
• Unlawful Evidence: the Fruit of the Poisonous Tree in Spain (2026)
• Unlawful Possession of Weapons in Spain: Crime or Administrative Offence? (Art. 564 CP)
• Urban Planning Crimes: Illegal Construction Defence in Spain
• Urban speeding and 30 km/h zones: when it becomes a crime (Article 379.1 CP)
• Using Another Person's ID Document: Only a Crime if It Seeks Real Harm
• Usurpation in Spain (arts. 245-247 CP): violent occupation, boundaries and water
• Usurpation of public functions (Art. 402 CP): when impersonating an authority or public officer is a crime in Spain
• Vicarious Violence: What It Is and How Criminal Law Addresses It
• Victim Rights in Criminal Proceedings in Spain (2026)
• Voyeurism and the covert recording of intimate images: what Article 197 CP punishes
• Weapon Possession Laws in Spain: A Guide to Arts. 563-570 CP
• Weapons & Ammunition Stockpiling: Arts. 566 & 567 CP and Defence (2026)
• What Happens After an Arrest in Spain: From the Police Station to Court
• What Is Self-Defence in Spain? Requirements and Limits
• What Sentence Do Assault Injuries Carry if It's My First Offence? (2026)
• What Sentence Does Fraud Carry if You Have No Criminal Record?
• What to Do If the Police Arrest You: A Legal Survival Guide
• What to Do If You Are Accused of a Crime You Did Not Commit (2026 Guide)
• What to Do If You Have Been Hacked in Spain: Complete Legal Guide (2026)
• WhatsApp Witness Statements: Validity and Limits Under Spanish Case Law
• When a sexual-assault sentence must be reviewed under the 2022 reform in Spain
• When Can a Company Director Go to Prison in Spain?
• When Organised Drug Trafficking Falls to the National High Court in Spain
• When Several Sexual Assaults on a Minor Amount to a Continued Offence
• Who Must Prove Compliance Works: The 2025 Shift
• Wiretapping in Drug Cases: When They're Void and How to Challenge Them
• Wiretaps Require Well-Founded Suspicion Based on Objective Data, Not Conjecture
• Workplace Harassment (Mobbing): When It Is a Crime
• Workplace Safety Crimes: the Offence Against Workers' Safety (Art. 316 CP)
• Workplace Sexual Harassment: The Offence of Art. 184 CP (2026)
• Wrong-Way (Kamikaze) Driving in Spain: Art. 380 & 381 CP (2026)
• Your Crypto Platform Loses Its Licence on 1 July 2026: What to Do
• Your Rights at a Traffic Stop in Spain: A Driver's Practical Guide