Blog category
Crimes Against Liberty
14 articles on crimes against liberty: penalties, case law and defence strategy. See the practice area →
Accused of Threats in Spain: What to Do
You have been reported for threats: what to do, when a remark is an offence (arts. 169-171 CP), how much context matters in WhatsApp messages and arguments, and how a dismissal is achieved.
Minor Coercion (Art. 172.3 CP): Minor Offence, Penalty and Defence
Art. 172.3 CP: what minor coercion is, why it is a minor offence punished only with a fine, when a report is required, and how it is defended.
Threats with a Bladed Weapon or Firearm: the Offence under Art. 169 CP
Displaying a knife or a gun while making a threat does not create an autonomous offence, but it turns the threat into a serious one, can trigger art. 171.5 CP within the family, and may coincide with illegal possession of weapons.
Threats and Coercion by WhatsApp and Social Media in Spain
When a message on WhatsApp or social media becomes threats (Arts. 169-171 CP) or coercion (Art. 172 CP), the aggravation for the medium used and what digital evidence really proves.
Article 171 Spanish Criminal Code: Blackmail and Conditional Threats (2026)
Article 171 of the Spanish Criminal Code: conditional threats of non-criminal harm, blackmail by threatening to reveal private facts, minor threats in gender and domestic violence cases, and every penalty involved.
Article 202 Spanish Criminal Code: Trespass of a Dwelling — Breaking and Entering (2026)
Article 202 of the Spanish Criminal Code (CP): trespass of a dwelling, entering or remaining without consent, the aggravated form with violence or intimidation, and how it differs from squatting…
Real Estate Harassment of Tenants in Spain: When It Is a Crime (2026)
Real estate harassment in Spain: the conduct aimed at forcing a tenant or owner out of their home, its classification as aggravated coercion and how to act.
Article 169 Spanish Criminal Code: The Offence of Threats (2026)
Article 169 of the Spanish Criminal Code: what the offence of threats is, the difference between conditional and unconditional threats, the requirements of…
Article 172 Spanish Criminal Code: The Offence of Coercion (2026)
Article 172 of the Spanish Criminal Code: what the offence of coercion is, the requirement of violence, the difference from threats, real-estate harassment…
Coercion Offence: Complete Legal Guide (2026)
Complete guide to the coercion offence in Spain: types, penalties, the fine line with threats, and defence strategies.
Trespass & Home Invasion: Criminal Defence Guide in Spain
Entering someone's home without permission or refusing to leave when asked: the crime of trespass in Spain. Penalties, defences, and practical cases.
Coercion (Art. 172 CP): A Legal and Real Estate Guide
Is it an offence to change the lock or cut off the power to a non-paying tenant? When does a family argument become coercion?
Stalking & Harassment in Spain: Legal Defence Guide
The crime of stalking (Art. 172 ter CP): what constitutes harassment, digital evidence, penalties (1-2 years), and defence strategies.
Criminal Threats & Blackmail: Legal Guide to Art. 169 CP
Criminal threats and blackmail in Spain: types of threats, penalties (1-5 years), conditional threats, and defence strategies.
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