Blog category
Territory & Environment
7 articles on territory & environment: penalties, case law and defense strategy. See the practice area →
Articles 319 and 320 Spanish Criminal Code: Illegal Building and Planning Malfeasance (2026)
Articles 319 and 320 CP: penalties for illegal building on protected and non-developable land in Spain, court-ordered demolition, and the planning malfeasance of public officials.
Articles 351 and 352 Spanish Criminal Code: Arson and Forest Fires (2026)
Articles 351 to 358 bis of the Spanish Criminal Code: arson endangering people (10 to 20 years), forest fires (1 to 5 years plus a fine), the aggravated offence and fires caused by gross negligence…
The Crime of Mass Destruction (Art. 346 CP): Intent, Recklessness and Defence
Spain's crime of mass destruction punishes large-scale destruction that endangers life, with prison up to twenty years. We explain its elements and defence.
Environmental Crime: Article 325 of the Criminal Code
Article 325 of the Criminal Code punishes emissions and discharges capable of seriously harming the natural balance. It is an endangerment offence.
Animal Cruelty in Spain: When Is It an Offence? Penalties and Defence 2026
Accused of animal cruelty? We explain when it is an offence and when it is an administrative infringement, the penalties after the 2023 reform, and the most…
Environmental Crimes in Spain: When Discharges Are Criminal
Environmental crimes (Arts. 325-340 CP) are one of the fastest-growing areas of Spanish criminal law.
Urban Planning Crimes: Illegal Construction Defence in Spain
Building on protected land or without a license can lead to criminal charges in Spain (Art. 319 CP).
Do you need specialised legal assistance?
The judicial system is complex. We have the criminal-law specialisation and technical resources required to take on the defence.