Blog category
Human Trafficking
9 articles on human trafficking: penalties, case law and defense strategy. See the practice area →
Trafficking for Forced Begging and Criminal Exploitation in Spain: Art. 177 bis CP
The two least-worked purposes under Art. 177 bis CP: begging in letter a) and exploitation to carry out criminal activities in letter c). The boundary with Art. 232 CP, the exemption from punishment in Art. 177 bis.11 CP for the victim who offends, aggravations and limitation periods.
Article 172 bis Spanish Criminal Code: Forced Marriage (2026)
Article 172 bis of the Spanish Criminal Code: the offence of forced marriage, the modality of taking the victim abroad by deception, the aggravation for underage victims and the line with trafficking…
Article 156 bis Spanish Criminal Code: Organ Trafficking, Offences and Penalties (2026)
Article 156 bis CP: what organ trafficking covers in Spain — promoting, facilitating, advertising or performing illegal transplants —, penalties of up to 12 years and the recipient's liability…
Article 318 bis CP: Facilitating Illegal Immigration (and How It Differs from Trafficking)
Art. 318 bis CP punishes helping a non-EU national to enter or transit through Spain in breach of immigration law, unless the help is purely humanitarian. A fine of 3 to 12 months or 3 months to 1 year in prison, far below human trafficking.
Hostess Club Owner or Manager: Criminal Liability in Spain and Defence
Running a hostess club is not, in itself, a crime: voluntary adult prostitution is not criminalised in Spain. Criminal risk arises with exploitation (Art. 187 CP) or trafficking (Art. 177 bis). We explain the line and the defence.
Pimping (Proxenetismo) in Spain: Art. 187 CP, Penalties, Aggravations and Defence (2026)
What the pimping offence of Article 187 of the Criminal Code (CP) punishes: coercive determination, profiting from exploited prostitution and the defence.
The Crime of Human Trafficking: Article 177 bis of the Criminal Code
Article 177 bis CP punishes recruiting, transferring, harbouring or receiving people for the purpose of exploitation, using violence, intimidation, deception or abuse of their situation of vulnerability.
Prostitution and Exploitation Offences: Arts. 187 and 188 CP and Defence (2026)
What Articles 187 and 188 of the Criminal Code (CP) punish: coercively determining a person into prostitution, profiting from another's exploited prostitution and child prostitution, with penalties and defence.
Procuring Premises (Art. 187 CP): Profiting From Prostitution
Renting properties for the exercise of prostitution may constitute the offence of procuring premises if habitual profit concurs and exploitation is favoured.
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