Blog category
Public Order
18 articles on public order: penalties, case law and defence strategy. See the practice area →
Article 561 of the Spanish Criminal Code: false alarms and hoax emergency calls
Reporting a danger that does not exist and thereby mobilising police, firefighters or rescue services has its own offence in Spain: article 561 CP. Its decisive element is not the lie itself but the actual mobilisation of the emergency services that follows from it.
Undercover Agents in Spain (Art. 282 bis LECrim): Requirements, Limits and Entrapment
Police infiltration is available only in investigations into organised crime and only with a reasoned decision. The requirements of Art. 282 bis LECrim, the assumed identity, the agent immunity, the online undercover agent, and the line between entrapment and lawful evidence gathering.
Article 568 Spanish Criminal Code: Possession and Storage of Explosives · Penalties and Defence (2026)
Art. 568 CP: unauthorised possession, storage, manufacture or transport of explosive, flammable, incendiary or asphyxiating substances, with imprisonment of 4 to 8 years for promoters and 3 to 5 years for cooperators.
Disrespecting a Police Officer or an Authority: Is It a Crime? (Art. 556 CP)
Disrespecting a police officer has been decriminalised since LO 1/2015: it is an administrative offence under Art. 37.4 LO 4/2015 (fine of EUR 100 to 600). Art. 556.2 CP only punishes disrespect towards the authority; serious resistance, disobedience and assault remain crimes.
Weapon Possession Laws in Spain: A Guide to Arts. 563-570 CP
What weapon possession law says in Spain: prohibited weapons and unlicensed firearms (Arts. 563-564 CP), stockpiling of weapons and munitions (Arts. 566-567 CP) and explosives (Art. 568 CP), with the penalties for each.
Are Stun Guns or Tasers Legal in Spain?
Stun guns and tasers are prohibited weapons in Spain: possession by private citizens can be an offence under Article 563 CP, with 1 to 3 years in prison.
Article 556 Spanish Criminal Code: Resisting Authority and Serious Disobedience (2026)
Article 556 of the Spanish Criminal Code: resisting and seriously disobeying the authorities, the penalties (3 months to 1 year in prison or a fine) and the lines separating it from assault on authority…
Article 557 Spanish Criminal Code: Public Disorder After the 2022 Reform (2026)
Article 557 of the Spanish Criminal Code after Organic Law 14/2022: group public disorder with violence or intimidation, penalties of 6 months to 3 years, the new 557 bis and the repeal of sedition.
Weapons & Ammunition Stockpiling: Arts. 566 & 567 CP and Defence (2026)
What stockpiling weapons and ammunition means under Articles 566 and 567 of the Spanish Criminal Code: thresholds by type of weapon, penalties for organisers and helpers, and defence.
Criminal Organisation vs Group: Arts. 570 bis & ter CP
The difference between a criminal organisation (Art. 570 bis CP) and a criminal group (Art. 570 ter CP): structure, penalties by role, concurrence with the underlying offence and defence strategies.
Illegal Firearm Possession: Art. 564 Criminal Code & Defence (2026)
What Article 564 of the Spanish Criminal Code punishes: holding a regulated firearm without a licence. Penalties by type of weapon, aggravating factors and defence.
Is an expandable baton (telescopic defence) legal in Spain?
The expandable baton or telescopic defence is one of the weapons banned by the Weapons Regulation for private individuals. The risk: a fine under Organic Law 4/2015 or an offence under article 563 of the Criminal Code.
Knives and bladed weapons: what you can legally carry
Which knives and bladed weapons are legal in Spain, which are banned, and when carrying one in public turns from a fine into a criminal offence.
Is Pepper Spray Legal in Spain? Requirements, Fines and Offence
Only officially approved self-defence sprays may be bought and carried legally in Spain. Non-authorised ones lead to a fine under LO 4/2015 or an offence under art. 563 CP.
Illegal Weapons Possession: Art. 564 Criminal Code
Holding a firearm without a license or permit is a crime (Art. 564 Criminal Code). Common scenarios, the stockpiling offence (Art. 566) and defence.
Public Disorder Offence: Complete Guide to Penalties & Defence
Public disorder offence in Spain: what counts as the crime, penalties, protest-related charges, and effective defence strategies.
Unlawful Possession of Weapons in Spain: Crime or Administrative Offence? (Art. 564 CP)
Is carrying a knife in the car an offence? We analyse the boundary between the administrative penalty of the Public Safety Act and the offence in the…
Assault on Authority (Art. 550 CP): Penalties and Defence
Is pushing a police officer an offence? What penalty is there for resisting arrest? We analyse Art. 550 CP on assault on authority and resistance.
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