AS
Bufete de abogados penalistas Alonso Sala
personal_injuryPractice Area

Assault Offenses Defense

Expert criminal defense in physical assaults.

Protection of Physical Integrity

From Minor to Serious Injuries

Assault crimes range from a minor aggression (Art. 147 CP) to serious injuries with organ loss or deformity (Art. 149/150 CP). The penalty varies enormously, from a fine to 6-12 years in prison. Our defense strategy seeks to "downgrade" the legal classification. We demonstrate that the injury is of lesser entity (e.g., that the scar is not a "serious deformity" but a minor aesthetic defect) or that the result was due to Recklessness (an accident during a struggle) and not "Dolo" (direct intent to injure), which drastically reduces the sentence.

The Battle of Medical Experts

The forensic medical report is the key piece determining severity (days of healing, sequels, need for medical/surgical treatment). Judges usually follow the court forensic doctor. To counter this, we work with private medical experts who assess the client or victim to discuss the scope of injuries, the necessity of treatments (e.g., "was that stitch really necessary?"), and the causal link. Reducing a "surgical treatment" to "first aid" makes the difference between prison and a fine.

Self-Defense and Tumultuous Brawl

In fights, there is often no single aggressor. We defend Self-Defense: proving that our client only acted to repel a previous, real, and unjust aggression to protect their physical integrity. In cases of confused group fights (nightclubs, festivals) where it is impossible to know who hit whom, we invoke the figure of "Tumultuous Brawl" (Art. 154 CP) to dilute individual liability and avoid convictions for the specific result of the injuries.

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Why Alonso & Sala for Assault Offenses?

In assault crimes, medical expert is as important as lawyer. We work with the best to downgrade classification and minimize penalties.

  • checkOwn medical expertise: discuss impeditive days, sequelae, and necessary treatment.
  • checkTechnical defense proving complete self-defense (prior aggression + proportionality).
  • checkDowngrade strategy: serious to minor, intent to recklessness.
  • checkForensic coordination to minimize civil compensation (traffic scale).
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Frequently Asked Questions

What is the difference between a minor and serious injury crime?expand_more
The key is medical treatment. If it only required first aid (cleaning the wound), it is a minor crime. If it required subsequent treatment (stitches, surgery, rehabilitation), it is a less serious or serious crime, with prison sentences.
What is considered 'deformity'?expand_more
Any visible and permanent aesthetic alteration (scar on face, limp). If serious, the penalty rises to 3-6 years. The defense fights to qualify it as 'minor entity' to reduce the penalty.
What happens if I get beaten by several people?expand_more
If the author of the specific injury is unknown, the crime of 'tumultuous brawl' (Art. 154 CP) applies to all participants, with lower penalties. If the author is identified, they pay for the injury and the rest for the brawl.
What is the loss of a main limb?expand_more
Losing an arm, leg, eye, or their utility. It is very serious (6-12 years). Losing a finger or a tooth is usually considered non-main limb or deformity, with much less penalty.
Can I claim self-defense?expand_more
Yes, if you prove they attacked you first, that your defense was necessary and proportional (not shooting someone who pushes you), and that you did not provoke the conflict. If proven, you are acquitted.
What compensation am I entitled to?expand_more
It depends on the Traffic Scale (used by analogy). You are paid for days of sick leave (personal damage) and for sequelae (points depending on severity). A forensic doctor must assess it.
If I was drunk, is the penalty lowered?expand_more
Intoxication can be a mitigating factor if it affected your capacities. If you were totally annulled, it could be an exemption, but it is very hard to prove without immediate analysis.
What is the crime of reckless injuries?expand_more
Causing injury unintentionally, by negligence (running over, workplace accident, medical error). The penalty is lower than if it were intentional.
Can I be banned from approaching the victim?expand_more
Yes. It is an almost automatic accessory penalty. Restraining order for a time longer than the prison sentence. If breached, it is another crime.
What happens if the victim forgives me?expand_more
In injury crimes, forgiveness DOES NOT extinguish the crime (except in minor ones). The Prosecutor will continue accusing because physical integrity is a public good.
Is infecting a disease (HIV) a crime?expand_more
Yes, it can be a serious injury crime if done knowingly or hiding the disease (eventual intent). Penalties are very high.
What is 'animus laedendi'?expand_more
The intent to injure. If you only wanted to scare or play a joke and injured, the defense will fight for recklessness.
Are private health reports valid?expand_more
Yes, but the Judge trusts the Court's Forensic Doctor more. If there is a discrepancy, your lawyer must bring a private Medical Expert to trial to defend their report.
What happens if I lose a spleen or kidney?expand_more
They are main organs if vital or essential. Loss of a paired organ (one kidney) having the other is debated whether it is main or not. Jurisprudence varies.
Is cutting someone's hair a crime?expand_more
Yes, it is considered impairment of physical integrity or unjust vexation, depending on context and damage to dignity.
Difference with attempted homicide?expand_more
Intent. If stabbed in the heart, the Prosecutor says they wanted to kill (attempted homicide: 5-10 years). Defense says they only wanted to hurt (injuries: 2-5 years).
Does using weapons aggravate the penalty?expand_more
Yes. Using weapons, dangerous instruments (bottle, bat), cruelty or treachery considerably aggravates the injury crime (Art. 148 CP).
Does provocation reduce penalty?expand_more
Yes, outburst or obfuscation (acting in heat of moment after being provoked) is a mitigating factor that reduces the sentence.
What is forced sterilization?expand_more
A very serious injury crime (rendering organ useless). It is no longer allowed even for incapacitated persons without extreme judicial guarantees.
When do injuries expire?expand_more
After 3 or 5 years for less serious ones. 10 or 15 years for serious ones. Minor crimes after one year.
Defense strategy if accused of assault?expand_more
1) Claim self-defense (attacked first). 2) Demonstrate was recklessness, not intent (accident in fight). 3) Downgrade medical classification (serious to minor). 4) Prove outburst/provocation (mitigating). 5) Own medical expertise. Technical defense CRUCIAL.

Need Immediate and Expert Legal Assistance?

The judicial system is complex and can be relentless. Do not face it alone. We have the experience, technical knowledge, and human resources necessary to fight for you. Contact us today to schedule a confidential consultation and start building your defense.

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