Blog category
Crimes Against the Administration of Justice
13 articles on crimes against the administration of justice: penalties, case law and defense strategy. See the practice area →
Article 451 Spanish Criminal Code: Accessory After the Fact (Encubrimiento) (2026)
Article 451 of the Spanish Criminal Code: the offence of encubrimiento (accessory after the fact), its three forms, the penalty cap of art. 452 and the family exemption of art. 454.
Article 455 Spanish Criminal Code: Taking the Law Into Your Own Hands (2026)
Article 455 of the Spanish Criminal Code: enforcing your own right by force, the fine of 6 to 12 months, the weapons aggravation and the line separating it from robbery and coercion.
False Testimony in Civil and Employment Cases (Art. 458 CP)
Lying as a witness in a civil or employment trial is a crime in Spain. We examine Art. 458 CP, its penalties, the retraction defence and how the defence is built.
Retraction of False Testimony (Art. 462 CP)
A witness who lied but corrects course in time can be exempt from punishment. We examine Art. 462 CP, its requirements, its limits and the keys to the defence.
Inducement to False Testimony: Presenting False Witnesses (Art. 461 CP)
Knowingly presenting false witnesses or lying experts is a crime in Spain. We examine Art. 461 CP, the mirror penalties, the aggravated offence and the defence.
I Was Falsely Accused and the Case Was Dismissed: Can I Sue?
How to prosecute a false accusation (art. 456 CP) after a dismissal: the requirement of a final decision, proving intent, what you can claim, and the alternative of calumny.
False Testimony in Spain: What It Is and the Defence of Retraction
Lying under oath in Spain carries up to 3 years prison. We explain what false testimony is.
False Accusation (Art. 456 CP): Consequences and Defence in Spain
Falsely accusing someone of a crime has severe legal and reputational consequences. We analyse the penalties and how to defend against malicious imputations.
How to Report a Crime: Step-by-Step Guide (2026)
Have you been the victim of a crime? We explain where and how to file a report, what documents to bring and what happens next. A practical guide for victims.
Obstruction of Justice in Spain: Complete Legal Guide
Lying to a judge, destroying evidence, or warning a suspect: when does it become obstruction of justice? Complete legal guide to Art. 463-467 CP.
Simulation of an Offence vs False Accusation: Differences and Penalties (2026)
Inventing a robbery to claim on insurance is NOT a false accusation, but simulation of an offence. We explain the vital difference between Arts.
Perjury & False Testimony: Defence Guide in Spain
Perjury and false testimony in Spain: when lying in court is a crime, penalties, and the key role of retraction before sentencing.
The Crime of Perjury: Lying on the Stand and Its Consequences
Lying in court is one of the most serious attacks against the Administration of Justice. We analyse the criminal offence of Art.
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